One of each:

1) Lewis Carroll
2) Gwen Harwood (wrote poetry as a man to get publised, then signed off with an insulting acrostic when she got sick of it - not sure on the details)
3) Helen Demidenko/The Hand That Signed The Paper

Kilgore Trout, of course. Um, Ern Malley? Clifford Irving?

The Ern Malley Poems

I'm working off vague memory here, but I remember reading something about one of the early Vogel award winners being a ghost-writer for one of their relatives who wasn't eligible for the award.

You probably already have this name, but knowing how much you love awards, you might like to consider that the "The James Tiptree, Jr. Award" is named for a pseudonym.

Carson McCullers.

1) Elizabeth Peters/Barbara Michaels, two pseudonyms for the same author, and on the back of the books the two sometimes "review" each other, and in one Peters novel the author demands something decent to read, like something by Barbara Michaels.

2) The Bronte sisters -- chose androgynous names (Currer Bell) for their initial publications.

3) Francine Matthews/Stephanie Barron -- Stephanie Barron writes the Jane Austen mysteries, and Jane Austen called herself "A Lady" when publishing her first novels; the family gave her real name after she died.

4) Stephen King/Richard Bachman

I'll see if I can think of anything else post coffee.

Anne Rice's real name is Howard.

Anne Perry is really Juliet Hulme, one of the murderers depicted in Peter Jackson's Heavenly Creatures.

There is a rumour that Joe Hill is actually Joe King, Stephen's son (Joe King, boom boom)

In Aussie specfic:

Liam Hearn is Gillian Rubenstein
Veronica Hart (The House that Jack Built) is Victor Kelleher, I believe.
Sara Douglass and Glenda Larke are both psuedonyms I believe
Rowley Monkfish is Cameron Rogers
There's a book called Vampire Cities by a D'Ettut

There's lots in comics of course. An interesting one is Ben Templesmith who is actually Ben Smith (it just sounded better).

Edwina Grey says hi.

1) JK Rowling > don't know if that qualifies entirely as a pseudonym. I think she or her publisher believed a male sounding name would sell more books.
2) O Henry > William Sydney Porter was in prison when he wrote his short stories.
3) Norma Khouri > I wanted to read her book. I heard her speak at the Brisbane Writer's Festival. She gave a very insightful (possibly false) account of Jordan and the customs there. I thought she was genuine and very passionate about womens' rights. I'm surprised she turned out to be a fake.

A passerby

I don't know if you're looking for plagiarism too but--Stephen Ambrose (non-fiction), Jayson Thomas Blair (non-fiction), Kaavya Viswanathan (this was v. recent, May, maybe?) (fiction). The Million Little Pieces scandal--it's non-fiction, no really, it's fiction...

Pseudonyms--Fern Michaels, Nora Roberts writing as J.D. Robb, Dean Koontz wrote as someone for awhile and V.C. Andrews died years ago and is still publishing books!

You might get some good stuff by looking at the ghost writing angle too. There's lots of dirt there. I think all you'd need is google and some patience.

Good luck!

An interesting one might be Walter Scott. His first novel, "Waverly", was published anonymously. It then became an amazing success and, for a while afterwards (I can't remember how long), he published his subsequent novels as "The Author of Waverly". Scott's novels were really the first works of fiction to be successful in a sort of bestseller sense and, because of his popularity, there was a huge fuss about his identity and who he was. Worth checking out.

Another famous Scottish one would be the fake translations of the tales of Ossian by James MacPherson. MacPherson wrote these poems in the style of Celtic heroic verses and claimed he'd found an ancient manuscript in Scots Gaelic and that these verses (which he had written from scratch) were translations of this ancient manuscript. Ossian became one of the most popular works of its day and was renowned throughout Europe. Napoleon used to carry a copy about with him on his campaigns and drew on it for inspiration. It was huge. But then it was discovered that MacPherson had made the whole thing up, although his objectives were probably more for the sake of creating an aura about the work rather than springing a hoax for a laugh or whatever. But this one is certainly one of the biggest examples of its kind. MacPherson has since been totally discredited and his Ossian, once beloved by the high and mighty, is now regarded as a scandolous forgery.

If I think of anymore I'll let you know!

Alistair Rennie

Oh, wait. I just thought of another, and it's another Scottish one, which proves that we must be better at this than we are at football:)

There's William Sharp who published his works under the name Fiona Macleod, maybe one of the first examples of a male author publishing under a female name?? She/he was writing around the early twentieth century and is mainly associated with "Celtic Twilight" literature, like WB Yeats often is. It's an author well worth checking out, too. A real beautiful writer.

Alistair

What about 'Was Shakespeare really Francis Bacon?' Or some other group of learned men. Or something. He only wrote plays of course ;-)

One of the great early horror novels, The Monk (1795), was written anonymously and caused lots of controversy. The author, Matthew Lewis, revealed his identity after he had become a member of Parliament.

What about other anonymous (or initially anonymous) works? The Bride Stripped Bare, Go Ask Alice and Primary Colors come to mind.

Just to add to Sharp/Macleod, I just remembered that KJ Bishop is a big admirer of him/her and that you can find some info and a link or two for Sharp/Macleod in her Night Shade thread with the title Forgotten cities of the moon.

Alistair

Saki.